For ABCWednesday's "F" Week and as we fall from summer of 2014, to autumn (intersecting the end of summer and beginning of school) I thought I'd bridge science fact and fun.
Astronomy and planetary facts and fun:
Ron Miller, photographer, illustrator and former art director for the National Air and Space Museum's Albert Einstein Planetarium created a series of images visualizing what our nightly views might look like if planets, instead of our moon, orbited Earth. Here are some gems, but please visit his website at: http://io9.com/5929076/what-if-we-had-a-planet-instead-of-a-moon
FACTS:
Our moon is pretty big - it is a quarter the diameter of the Earth.
At a distance of about 240,000 miles, the Moon occupies a space int he night sky about half a degree wide. By Sheer coincidence, this is close to the same size the sun appears (which is why we occasionally get total solar eclipses).
Mars, the red planet, is almost exactly twice the size of the moon - so it would appear twice as big in the Earth's sky.
Venus is three and a half times larger than the moon.
Neptune and Uranus are more than fourteen times larger than the moon.
Saturn is almost 35 times larger than the Moon.
Jupiter is the largest planet, forty ties larger than the Moon.
FUN:
Here is what it would look like if Mars orbited Earth.:
Here is what it might look like if Venus orbited Earth. Miller notes that Venus "would be nearly as large in our sky as the
Earth appeared to the Apollo astronauts, when they were walking on the
surface of the Moon."
Here is what it might look like if Neptune orbited Earth. Miller notes, "Neptune would loom like an enormous blue balloon in the night
sky. And dominate the daytime sky, as well. All other things being
equal, an eclipse of the sun would seem to last forever."
Here is what it might look like if Uranus orbited Earth. Miller notes that Uranus is nearly the same size as Neptune and would provide a very similar view:
Here is what it might look like if Saturn orbited Earth. Miller notes that Saturn's "golden globe would cover nearly 18 degrees of the sky...the rings would stretch nearly from horizon to horizon.":
Here is what it might look like if Jupiter orbited Earth. According to Miller, "Jupiter would stretch 20 degrees across the sky...This close, we'd be looking "up" at the northern hemisphere and "down" at the southern hemisphere, so the cloud bands would be distinctly curved in perspective....We would not be able to visualize the north and south poles of the planet.":
The Drake equation was written in 1961 by Frank Drake and intended as a means to stimulate scientific dialogue at the world's first SETI meeting. It summarizes main concepts scientists must incorporate when considering other radio-communicative life and is quite controversial as several of its factors are currently unknown. Thus it is a wonderful example of science fun and fun science fiction:
In honor of Col. Chris Hadfield's revised version of David Bowie'sSpace Oddity recorded on board the International Space Station [Published on
May 12, 2013), the new Star Trek movie (which I haven't seen yet but look forward to - no spoilers, please) and "S" week at ABCWednesday, this post presents ideas for teaching, learning, and inspiring students of all ages about the oddities and sensational aspects of space.
Commander Hadfield commanded the International Space Station (ISS) for
six months and along with his colleagues oversaw
hundreds of biological and physical experiments that will pave the way
for future space exploration. Hadfield has done extensive tweeting, and posted hundreds of original photographs and numerous videos.
Video: Zero-G Guitar: Re-Learning How to Play in Space - with no gravity the arm, hand and fingers have to relearn how to find and reach the frets quickly and 'effortlessly' and, because everything floats, you have to learn how to 'ground' yourself...but the sound is good!
Here are just a few of his photographs (and his captions) taken from the ISS (International Space Station):
Col. Chris Hadfield (5/12/13) Dr. Seuss-inspired swirls in the Black Sea
Col. Chris Hadfield: Moonset, one of 16 per day on ISS (5/7/2013)
Col. Chris Hadfield: Mississippi delta - heartland topsoil flowing relentlessly into the Gulf of Mexico (5/7/13)
Col. Chris Hadfield: The starkest of beauty, in Saudi Arabia (5/3/2013)
Col. Chris Hadfield: A splash of dry white salt on seared red in Australia's agonizingly beautiful Outback (4/18/13)
Col. Chris Hadfield: Mt. Etna pouring heat and steam up through the snowcap (3/25/2013)
Col. Chris Hadfield: The Florida Keys look especially vulnerable from orbit (3/29/2013)
Inspired yet!?!
HERE ARE SOME MORE TEACHING TOOLS, BOOKS, VIDEOS, LINKS AND SUGGESTIONS TO CONTINUE TO MAKE SPACE EXPLORATION AND SCIENCE COME ALIVE:
1. NEXT GENERATION CREW SPACE TRANSPORTATION AND EXPLORATION VEHICLE - ORION - an ongoing NASA project has multiple educational ramifications.
A brief overview: The Orion MPCV (Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle) is new-generation manned spacecraft for space travel and exploration beyond-low-earth-orbit. It will serve as the exploration vehicle that will carry crews to
space - to the moon, to near-Earth asteroids and eventually to Mars. It
is capable of conducting regular in-space operations (such as
rendezvousing and docking) and has the capability to be a backup system
for International Space Station cargo and crew delivery.
What makes this so special aside from the state-of-the-art mechanics and technology incorporated into the vehicle and its intended missions, is that it also represents a departure for NASA as much of its construction is being done by private companies. Below is the short list, for details consult this NASA link:
Lockheed Martin is building the Orion Crew Module;
Boeing developed a vehicle management computer system based on integrated modular avionics technology;
The European Space Agency is constructing the service module
Alliant Techsystems (ATK) facilities in Utah and Maryland tested the abort and attitude control motors for Orion's launch and abort system;
The UltraFlex solar array concept was developed by ATK
Hamilton Sundstrand's engineers in Connecticut, Illinois and Houston have developed Orion's intricate life-support and power systems;
Honeywell has developed intelligent avionics and software that support data, communications and navigation;
Ball Aerospace Technologies Corporation are working with NASA and Lockheed Martin on the STORRM (Sensor Test for Orion Relative Navigation Risk Mitigation) rendezvous and docking sensor assembly with a docking camera that has 16 times the resolution of the current shuttle sensors;
Aerojet was awarded the jettison motor design and development contract for the LAS (Launch Abort System)
Orion features dozens of technology advancements and innovations...unique life support, propulsion, thermal protection and avionics systems in combination with other elements will enable extended duration deep space missions... Orion will utilize advances in ... communications, life support, structural design, navigation and power...With destinations including near-Earth asteroids, our own Moon, the moons of Mars and eventually Mars itself....
This May and June, tests are being run (in various phases) simulating launch, ascent, launch abort, launch abort system separation, reentry and landing. Lockheed Martin is conducting the tests based on a set of prototype flight requirements. Lisa Kalis in The Wall Street Journal (Saturday/Sunday Review 5/18-19, 2013) reported on the latest test:
As it sped toward Earth from a height of 25,000 feet...one of its parachutes failed and another malfunctioned...and the model of NASA's Orion spacecraft landed safely in the Arizona desert. The mishaps were planned and there are...more tests to come. Orion's big trial arrives next year, when it will fly unmanned 3,600 miles into space and then....[return] to Earth...The ultimate goal: to send people to deep space in 2021.
TEACHING IDEAS AND SUGGESTIONS around NASA's ORION Project :
Video: NASA's Orion Space Capsule (from space.com) - This video provides the history of background of this project along with current testing and construction details. TEACHING IDEAS:
Have students write press releases following (or predicting) the progress of Orion
Have students create fiction and non-fiction stories around the construction, launching and exploration projects of Orion based on research they do for background details.
Students can follow, chart, report, present, and analyze data on ongoing progress of Orion projects at: http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/mpcv/index.html - (addressing Common Core State Standards such as "Research to
build and Present knowledge, Range of reading and level of text
complexity; Comprehension and collaboration, presentation of knowledge
and ideas, and Key ideas and details" - to name just a few).
Students can explore the pros and cons of NASA's strategy to involve multiple private and international partners (addressing many of the Common Core State Standards such as "Research to build and Present knowledge, Range of reading and level of text complexity; Comprehension and collaboration, presentation of knowledge and ideas, and Key ideas and details" - to name just a few).
Students can compare structure and technologies of the new Orion vehicle versus the older Apollo crew vehicle.
Discuss budgetary issues and how have influenced and might continue to effect this project. Here is an article from The Wall Street Journal you might use to begin the lesson: NASA Budget Priority: Asteroid Defense.
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2. What it Feels like to Fly Over Planet Earth - a whirl-wind tour in one minute and two seconds taken from the front of the International Space Station as it orbits Earth at night. It moves over the Pacific Ocean, continuing over North and South America, before entering daylight near Antarctica. Pay attention to the lightning storms and the earth's ionosphere (the thin yellow line)!!
Teaching suggestions: Have students describe this 'trip around the world' writing travel logs, advertisements for space travel, or produce running commentary voice-overs for the video. You may integrate this with a science project on clouds and what storms look like from above.
Teaching suggestions: Have students describe the changes over time. Discuss global warming and tectonic pressure, and other factors that effect Earth's continents and water shelves.
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4. A Modern View of Cosmology(or... as the conference director wanted to name it: We're All F***ed) - is a talk for high-school and above by Lawrence Krauss (author of The Physics of Star Trek). Krauss talks about how modern day cosmology (studying the cosmos) has changed our perception of the past and future. It is an hour lecture filled with facts, fables, and photos that make the laws of quantum physics understandable and interesting. Here is a synopsis:
While the star clusters on a clear night can blow you away, the really cool stuff are "the things you can't see - the mysterious stuff that dominates nature." The talk opens with Einstein's theory of relativity (1916) which stated that space curves in the presence of matter, or as Krauss puts it "gravity sucks" - as it pulls rather than pushes everything in. But this theory clashed with observation, that the universe was static - it was there and would be there - the way we saw it - forever. This clashing of science/math and observation bothered physicists at that time. We now know (thanks to Edward Hubble) that Einstein's theory was correct - the universe is expanding (and not static) and are now asking questions such as: Will the universe continue to expand forever? Or is it more like a closed sphere that will expand to a point and then explode upon itself? Or, is it a flat, curved entity that will expand forever but eventually slow down or maybe eventually speed up? If it speeds up, the longer we wait, the less we'll see (except for our galaxy).
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5. OTHER TEACHING RESOURCES:
NASA has a super link: Teaching From Space that includes lessons, resources, video links and more
Another resource, also sponsored by NASA is Amazing Space which uses the Hubble Space Telescope's discoveries to inspire and educate us all. They have resources from "The Hubble Gallery", astronomy materials under their "Capture the cosmos" section, "Tonight's Sky", even Homework Help!
NASA and Fermi Labs have an AWESOME website devoted to black holes that has videos, FAQ sheets, Educator workshops, black hole science web sites, black hole activities for classrooms of all levels, cool black hole games for all ages, and other black hole resources
How to bake a Mars Pellet - Curiosity's Drill Sampling
Bring Some Asteroid to Earth
The Back Hole - An Eruption in Space-Time
How Black Holes Got Super-massive
How Black Holes Build a Universe
This is just the tip of the iceberg and demands more space and time (which I hope to continue in future posts). In the meantime, please leave us with your favorite space images, inspirations, or space teaching/learning moments in the comments.
